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The -78 modifier indicates that a surgical procedure was performed during the postoperative period of a previous surgery and that it is related to the original procedure. This means that the second procedure is necessary due to complications or other issues arising from the first surgery, but it is distinct enough to warrant documentation and billing separately.

Understanding this modifier is essential for coding accurately, as it affects how providers document and bill for additional procedures performed in the context of postoperative care. The use of the -78 modifier allows for appropriate reimbursement for services provided during the recovery period when a related, additional procedure becomes necessary.

The other answer choices do not capture the essence of the -78 modifier. For instance, it does not indicate unrelated procedures, canceled procedures, or complications solely, but rather emphasizes that the procedure is indeed related to ongoing treatment during the recovery from a previous surgery.